TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE FORMS OF THE TERINS OF UKRAINIAN PORCELAIN-FAISON OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE LATE 18TH – 19TH CENTURIES

Abstract

The end of the 18th century was marked by three partitions of Poland between Austria, Prussia and russia. These historical circumstances changed the balances of the internal and external markets of several countries on the map of Europe. As a result, the new Russian-Austrian border was located in Volhynia, Podillya and Galicia. The famous contract fairs in Lviv, Dubno, Vilno, Novogrudok ended up in the border areas. In the end, due to political and economic circumstances, the contracts were transferred to Kyiv. This in a certain way united the industrial zone of the Right Bank, which included the porcelain and faience centers of Galicia, Volhynia, Podillya and Kyiv region. Initially, the leading «zones of style creation» in this industry were the largest factories of Volhynia, headed by Korets. Vectors of interaction connected this manufactory with Chudnov in Podillya. From the second third of the 19th century, among the significant productions, a special place was occupied by Hlynsko in Galicia, where products were made close to the forms of the English Davenport with dense printing. All of the listed centers creatively interacted with the Kyiv region, where the Mezhyhirsk porcelain and faience factory was established on the right bank of the Dnieper. The consolidation of creative forces constantly took place through the figures of individual masters who were related to the fabrication of products in Korka, Baranivka, Gorodnytsia, Tomaszów (in the territories of ethnic Poland), and Mezhyhirya and Dybyntsy in the Kyiv region. The continuity of the traditions of form-making is currently traced in the general trends in the development of all the outlined productions. After all, porcelain-faience became the indicator that, like a litmus test, showed the mental axes of our lands, which confidently directed towards Austria and France, affecting Poland and Germany. Despite the occupation by the Russians, domestic porcelain-faience testified to its own priorities in the spiritual life of Ukrainians, not dependent on anything imposed.